{"id":119,"date":"2011-12-02T15:54:42","date_gmt":"2011-12-02T15:54:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cms.impact-structures.com\/?page_id=119"},"modified":"2020-01-29T12:07:15","modified_gmt":"2020-01-29T12:07:15","slug":"the-azuara-impact-structure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/estructuras-de-impacto.impact-structures.com\/?page_id=119","title":{"rendered":"La estructura de impacto de Azuara"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introducci\u00f3n y referencias<\/h2>\n

La estructura de impacto de Azuara, de 35-40 Km de di\u00e1metro, se halla situada en el noreste de Espa\u00f1a a unos 50 Km al sur de Zaragoza (ver<\/span> Azuara desde el espacio<\/a>). A partir de los datos estratigr\u00e1ficos su edad queda comprendida entre el Eoceno superior y el Oligoceno. Excepto por algunas intrusiones magm\u00e1ticas de escaso di\u00e1metro, el objetivo estaba constituido por rocas sedimentarias, hecho que constituye un caso extra\u00f1o dentro de las estructuras de impacto de grandes dimensiones. Desde el punto de vista estratigr\u00e1fico el objetivo estaba formado por rocas paleozoicas (pertenecientes al n\u00facleo de la Cordillera Ib\u00e9rica) y del mesozoico cubiertas por sedimentos mol\u00e1sicos del terciario (de unos 1000 a 2000 m de espesor probable).<\/p>\n

Este gran espesor de sedimentos m\u00e1s o menos inconsolidados y de rocas carbonatadas presentes en la secuencia sedimentaria se halla relacionado con algunas peculiaridades de la estructura de Azuara tales como: la presencia de restos de fundido carbonatado, y la presencia de f\u00e1cies especiales de eyectas de impacto y de diferentes tipos de diques de brechas.<\/p>\n

Los sedimentos recientes post-impacto dificultan en gran modo la investigaci\u00f3n de la parte central de la estructura de impacto de Azuara. Por este motivo, la mayor\u00eda de afloramientos se concentran en la zona del borde donde son muy abundantes y permiten una excelente visi\u00f3n geol\u00f3gica del proceso generador de la estructura.<\/p>\n

\"Image002\"<\/p>\n

Fig. 1. Morfolog\u00eda de la estructura de impacto de Azuara. Vista virtual de Manuel Cabedo.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Image004\"<\/p>\n

Fig. 2. Mapa geol\u00f3gico general de la estructura de impacto de Azuara. 1 = Paleozoico, 2 = Mesozoico, 3 = Eyecta de la Fm. Pelarda, 4 = Cenozoico. Modificado de Ernstson et al. (2002).<\/span><\/p>\n

La hip\u00f3tesis de impacto para la estructura de Azuara fue establecida por primera vez por Ernstson et al. (ver la lista de referencias) en 1985. Hasta entonces, la estructura no atrajo ning\u00fan interes salvo por un art\u00edculo realizado por Carls (1983) donde se mencionaba el bloque tect\u00f3nico de Azuara. Con posterioridad, la estructura de Azuara es considerada por algunos ge\u00f3logos Espa\u00f1oles como una cuenca ligada a procesos de sedimentaci\u00f3n sintect\u00f3nicos. Recientemente, se ha sugerido un origen ligado a intrusiones gran\u00edticas para la estructura de Azuara.<\/p>\n

El modelo de un impacto meteor\u00edtico gigante esta basado en cartografias geol\u00f3gicas de detalle, mediciones geof\u00edsicas, estudios de fotolineaciones, y el an\u00e1lisis petrogr\u00e1fico de alrededor de 1000 l\u00e1minas delgadas. A partir de estas investigaciones (ver la lista de referencias y a continuaci\u00f3n), el impacto queda documentado por anomal\u00edas gravim\u00e9tricas negativas, abundantes brechas monom\u00edcticas y polim\u00edcticas y diques de brechas (en las que pueden apreciarse a menudo efectos de metamorfismo de choque tales como vidrio diapl\u00e9ctico, part\u00edculas de fundido, todos los tipos de estructuras de deformaci\u00f3n planar (PDFs), extensas megabrechas de gran espesor, una gran cantidad de megabloques dislocados, rasgos hidrotermales (Siegert, 1997), y extensos eyectas de impacto de gran espesor (ver las fotos situadas debajo).<\/p>\n

Entre estas observaciones, son especialmente importantes las de efectos de metamorfismo de choque ya que indican presiones extremadamente altas (alrededor de 100 Kb = alrededor de 10GPa) y altas temperaturas (> 1000 \u00baC), que son incompatibles con los modelos que propugnan un origen end\u00f3geno (por tect\u00f3nica, sedimentaci\u00f3n sintect\u00f3nica, intrusi\u00f3n gran\u00edtica) para la estructura de Azuara.<\/p>\n

Referencias<\/span><\/p>\n

Anguita, F., M\u00e1rquez, A. & Claudin, F. (2000). R\u00e9plica al art\u00edculo \u201ccontroversia cient\u00edfica para el aula: \u00bfTiene la cubeta de Azuara un origen extraterrestre\u201d por A.L. Cort\u00e9s Gracia y M.B. Mart\u00ednez Pe\u00f1a (ECT, 7.2: 143-157). Ense\u00f1anza de las Ciencias de la Tierra. 8.2:148-153.<\/p>\n

Aurell, M., Mel\u00e9ndez, A., San Roman, J., Guimera, A., Roca, E., Salas, R., Alonso, A. and Mas, R. 1992. Tect\u00f3nica sinsedimentaria distensiva en el l\u00edmite Tri\u00e1sico-Jur\u00e1sico en la Cordillera Ib\u00e9rica. Actas III Cong. Geol. Esp., 1, 50-54.<\/p>\n

Aurell, M., Gonz\u00e1lez, A., P\u00e9rez, A., Guimer\u00e0, J., Casas, A. & Salas, R. (1993). Discusi\u00f3n of \u201cThe Azuara impact structure (Spain): New insights from geophysical and geological investigations\u201d by K. Ernstson & J. Fiebag. Geologische Rundschau. 82: 750-755.<\/p>\n

Aurell, M. (1994). Discusi\u00f3n sobre algunas de las evidencias presentadas a favor del impacto meteor\u00edtico de Azuara. In: Extinci\u00f3n y registro f\u00f3sil (E. Molina, ed.). Cuadernos interdisciplinares. 5: 59-74. Seminario Interdisciplinar de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza.<\/p>\n

Carls, P. & Monninger, W (1974). Ein block-Konglomerat im Terti\u00e4r der \u00f6stlichen Iberischen Ketten (Spanien). N. Jb. Geol. Pal\u00e4ont. Abh. 145: 1-16.<\/p>\n

Carls (1983): La zona asturoccidental-leonesa en Aragon y el macizo del Ebro como prolongaci\u00f3n del macizo cantabrico. In: Libro Jubilar J. M. R\u00edos, (Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Geologia, ed.), Contribuciones sobre temas generales, Inst. Geol. Miner. Espana, III, 11\u201432, Madrid.<\/p>\n

Casas, A.M., Casas, A., P\u00e9rez, A., Tena, S., Barrier, L., Gapais, D. & Nalpas, T. (2000). Syn-tectonic sedimentation and thrust-and-fold kinematics at the intramountain Montalb\u00e1n Basin (northern Iberian Chain, Spain). Geodinamica Acta. 1: 1-17.<\/p>\n

Claudin, K., Ernstson, K., Rampino, M.R., and Anguita, F.: Striae, polish, imprints, rotated fractures, and related features in the Puerto M\u00ednguez impact ejecta (NE Spain). Abstracts, 6th ESF IMPACT workshop, Impact Markers in the Stratigraphic record, pp. 15-16, 2001.<\/p>\n

Claudin, F. y Ernstson, K. (2003): Gelog\u00eda planetaria y geolog\u00eda regional: El debate sobre un impacto m\u00faltiple en Arag\u00f3n. Con un anexo: Nuevos datos sobre la estructura de Azuara y zonas lim\u00edtrofes: Una cadena de cr\u00e1teres de impacto. – Ensenanza de las Ciencias de la Tierra, 11\/3, 202-212.<\/p>\n

Cort\u00e9s, A.L. & Mart\u00ednez, M.B. (1999). Controversia cient\u00edfica para el aula: \u00bf tiene la cubeta de Azuara un origen extraterrestre?. Ense\u00f1anza de las Ciencias de la Tierra. 7.2: 143-157.<\/p>\n

Cort\u00e9s, A.L. y Mart\u00ednez, M.B. (2001). R\u00e9plica a la discusi\u00f3n de F.Anguita, A.M\u00e1rquez y F.Claudin (ECT, 8.2, 148-153) al art\u00edculo \u201cControversia cient\u00edfica para el aula: \u00bftiene la cubeta de Azuara un origen extraterrestre? . ECT. 9.1:70-75.<\/p>\n

Cort\u00e9s, A.L., D\u00edaz-Mart\u00ednez, E., Sanz-Rubio, E., Mart\u00ednez-Fr\u00edas, J. & Fern\u00e1ndez, C (2002 a). Cosmic impact verus terrestrial origin of the Azuara structure (Spain): A review. Meteoritics Planet. Sci. 37: 875-894.<\/p>\n

Cort\u00e9s, A. L., D\u00edaz-Mart\u00ednez, E.,Gonz\u00e1lez-Casado, J.M., Aurell, M. & Casas-Sainz, A.M. (2002b). Cratered cobbles in Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates in northeastern Spain: An indicator of shock deformation in the vicinity of large impacts: Comment and Reply. Geology: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 91\u201391.<\/p>\n

Diaz Mart\u00ednez, E., Sanz Rubio, E. & Martinez Frias, J (2002): Sedimentary record of impact events in Spain. Geological Society of America. Special Paper 356: 551-562.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K., Hamman, W., Fiebag, J. & Graup, G.: Evidence of an impact origin for the Azuara structure (Spain). – Earth Planet.Sci.Let., 74, 361-370, 1985.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K., Feld, H. & Fiebag, J.: Impact hypothesis for the Azuara structure (Spain) strengthened. – Meteoritical Society Meeting, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1987. – Meteoritics, 22, 373, 1987.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K. & Claudin, F.: Pelarda Formation (Eastern Iberian Cains, NE Spain): Ejecta of the Azuara impact structure. – N.Jb.Geol.Pal\u00e4ont.Mh., 1990, 581-599, 1990.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K.: Azuara: un impacto meteoritico! – Astrum, 97, 13, 1991.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K. & Fiebag, J.: The Azuara impact structure (Spain): new insights from geophysical and geological investigations. – Geol.Rundschau, 81\/2, 403-427, 1992.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K. & Fiebag, J.: Reply to discussion of \u00abThe Azuara impact structure (Spain): new insights from geophysical and geological investigations\u00bb by K.Ernstson and J.Fiebag – Geol.Rundschau, 82, 756-759, 1993.<\/p>\n

Ernstson,K.: Looking for Geological Catastrophes: The Azuara Impact Case. – In: Extinci\u00f3n y registro f\u00f3sil (Extinction and the fossil record, E. Molina, ed.), Cuadernos Interdisciplinares No. 5, 31-57, SIUZ, 1994.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K., Rampino, M.R., Anguita, F., Hiltl, M., and Siegert, I.: Shock deformation of autochthonous conglomerates near the Azuara impact structure, Spain: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, v. 31, p. A-122., 1999.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K., Rampino, M.R. & Hiltl, M.: Cratering of cobbles in Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates in NE Spain: Shock deformation of in-situ deposits in the vicinity of large impacts. Geology, v. 29, no.1, 11-14, 2001<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K., Rampino, M.R., and Hiltl, M.: Shock-induced spallation in Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates (Spain): an impact marker in the vicinity of large impacts. Abstracts, 6th ESF IMPACT workshop, Impact Markers in the Stratigraphic record, pp. 25-26, 2001.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K., Claudin, F., Sch\u00fcssler, U., Anguita, F, and Ernstson, T.: Impact melt rocks, shock metamorphism, and structural features in the Rubielos de la C\u00e9rida structure, Spain: evidence of a companion to the Azuara impact structure. Abstracts, 6th ESF IMPACT workshop, Impact Markers in the Stratigraphic record, pp. 23-24, 2001.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K. and Hiltl, M. (2002): Cratering of cobbles in Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates in NE Spain: Shock deformation of in-situ deposits in the vicinity of large impacts. – Reply to discussion by H. Stel, H. Rondeel, and J. Smit.- Geology, v. 30, 1051-1052, 2002.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K., Claudin, F., Sch\u00fcssler, U. & Hradil, K. (2002). The mid-Tertiary Azuara and Rubielos de la C\u00e9rida paired impact structures (Spain). Treballs del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona. 11: 5-65.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K., Sch\u00fcssler, U., Claudin, F. & Ernstson, T. (2003). An impact crater chain in northern Spain. Meteorite, 9, no 3, 35-39.<\/p>\n

Ernstson, K. (2004). Regmaglypts on clasts from impact ejecta. Meteorite, 10, no 1, 41-42.<\/p>\n

Hradil, K., Sch\u00fcssler, U., and Ernstson, K.: Silicate, phosphate and carbonate melts as indicators for an impact-related high-temperature influence on sedimentary rocks of the Rubielos de la C\u00e9rida structure, Spain. Abstracts, 6th ESF IMPACT workshop, Impact Markers in the Stratigraphic record, pp. 49-50, 2001.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcller, H. & Ernstson, K.: Curved joint sets: Indication of impact-induced fracturing. – In: Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock, H.P.Rossmanith, ed., 257-263, Balkema, Rotterdam 1990.<\/p>\n

Rampino, M. R. (1997). El impacto de Azuara y sus efectos. Universo, III, no 29, 48-50.<\/p>\n

Sanchez Cela, V. (1997) \u00abLa estructura circular de Azuara (Zaragoza). Origen end\u00f3geno versus impacto.\u00bb Bolet\u00edn Geol\u00f3gico y Minero 108: 121-128<\/p>\n

Sanz-Rubio, E., D\u00edaz-Mart\u00ednez, E., Mart\u00ednez-Fr\u00edas, J. & Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00edn, C. (2001). Stratigraphy of the Calatayud-Montalban basin: Implications for the interpretation of the Azuara and the Rubielos de la C\u00e9rida structures (NE Spain), in: Impact markers in the stratigraphic record, 6th ESF-IMPACT workshop Granada, abstract book: 111-112.<\/p>\n

Siegert, I. (1997): Micro-thermometric and petrographic investigations of quartzites from the Azuara-Rubielos de la C\u00e9rida doublet structure (Spain). Diploma thesis, 72 pp., Universit\u00e4t Bremen (in German).<\/p>\n

Steel, Harry, Harm Rondeel, Jan Smit (2002). Cratered cobbles in Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates in northeastern Spain: An indicator of shock deformation in the vicinity of large impacts: Comment and Reply. Geology, 30, no 11, 1051-1051.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s de los art\u00edculos presentes en la lista de referencia, querriamos destacar los siguientes art\u00edculos y tesis sobre el impacto de Azuara:<\/span><\/h2>\n

FIEBAG, J. (1988): Contributions to the geology of the Azuara structure: Geological mapping in the area between Herrera de los Navarros and Aladr\u00e9n and SE of Almonacid de la Cuba, and special investigations of the breccias and breccia dikes in the light of the impact origin of the Azuara structure. – Doctoral thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 271 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/span><\/p>\n

Johannes Fiebag (\u2020 1999) has markedly pioneered the geologic work in the Azuara impact structure. Several pictures of this homepage have either been taken by himself or have been taken from rocks of his personal collection.<\/p>\n

B\u00e4rle, F. (1988): Geological investigations at the SW rim of the Azuara structure (NE Spain): Geological mapping (1 : 10,000 scale) and special tectonic investigations. – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 94 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/p>\n

GWOSDEK, C. (1988): Geological investigations at the SE rim of the Azuara structure (NE Spain): Geological mapping (1 : 10,000 scale) in the environs of Moneva with special reference to the tectonic inventory. – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 108 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/p>\n

HUNOLTSTEIN-BUNJEVAC, D. v. (1989): Geological investigations at the SE rim of the Azuara structure (NE Spain): Geological mapping (1 : 10,000 scale) in the environs of Moyuela with special reference to structural features. – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 111 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/p>\n

KATSCHOREK, T. (1990): Geological investigations at the N rim of the Azuara structure (NE Spain): Geological mapping (1 : 20,000 scale) of the area between Fuendetodos and Belchite with special reference to structural features. – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 198 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/p>\n

K\u00f6nig, R. (1988): Geological investigations at the SW rim of the Azuara structure (NE Spain): Geological mapping (1 : 10,000 scale) and special tectonic investigations. – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 142 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/p>\n

LINNEWEBER, 5. (1988): Geological investigations at the SE rim of the Azuara structure (NE Spain): Geological mapping (1 : 10,000 scale) of the area between Blesa and Muniesa with special reference to tectonic features. – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 103 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/p>\n

Mayer, G. (1991): Geological investigations at the SE rim of the Azuara structure (NE Spain): Geological mapping (1 : 20,000 scale) with special reference to tectonic features and in the light of the impact origin of the structure. – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 216 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/p>\n

M\u00fcller, H. (1989): Geological investigations at the SE rim of the Azuara structure (NE Spain): Geological mapping (1 : 20,000 scale) between Ventas de Muniesa and Moneva with special reference to facies and structural features. – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 167 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/p>\n

Waasmaier, E. (1988): Geological investigations at the S rim of the Azuara structure (NE Spain): Geological mapping (1 : 10,000 scale) west of Blesa with special reference to tectonic features. – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. W\u00fcrzburg, 108 pp., W\u00fcrzburg (in German).<\/p>\n

Siegert. I. (1997): Thermomicrometrical and petrographical investigations of quartzites from the Azuara – Rubielos de la C\u00e9rida doublet structure (Spain). – Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Univ. Bremen, 72 pp., Bremen (in German).<\/p>\n

Rampino, M.R.: El impacto de Azuara y sus effectos. – Universo, 29, 48 – 50, 1997.<\/p>\n

Una excelente y muy detallada cartografia geol\u00f3gica a escala 1:10000 de la parte N de la estructura de Azuara entre Aguil\u00f3n y Fuendetodos ha sido realizada por H. Feld dentro del programa de investigaci\u00f3n DFG (Fundaci\u00f3n Alemana para la Ciencia).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Introducci\u00f3n y referencias La estructura de impacto de Azuara, de 35-40 Km de di\u00e1metro, se halla situada en el noreste de Espa\u00f1a a unos 50 Km al sur de Zaragoza (ver Azuara desde el espacio). A partir de los datos estratigr\u00e1ficos su edad queda comprendida entre el Eoceno superior y el Oligoceno. Excepto por algunas intrusiones magm\u00e1ticas de … Continuar leyendo \u00abLa estructura de impacto de Azuara\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1404,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-119","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLa estructura de impacto de Azuara - ERNSTSON CLAUDIN ESTRUCTURAS DE IMPACTO - CR\u00c1TERES METEOR\u00cdTICOS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Estructura de impacto de Azuara (Espa\u00f1a) - Introducci\u00f3n - Referencias - Morforlog\u00eda vista general - Mapa geol\u00f3gico general\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/estructuras-de-impacto.impact-structures.com\/?page_id=119\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La estructura de impacto de Azuara - 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